IMPORTANT SKILLS FOR CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

(1) IMPLEMENTING

As we know that chemistry is experiment subject and it always needs a technical skills to perform better experiment. Where implementation of the observations is much necessary.

WORKING UNAIDED IN A HEALTHY AND SAFE WAY

When it is the case of practically you should work cleanly and methodically paying proper attention to health and safety precautions. When learning new skills you may work as a part of group but you will be on your own when being assessed. Only carry out practical work in the presence of qualified supervisor.

DEMONSTRATING PRACTICAL SKILL

You will be judged by your skills results which will depend on the type of experiment you are conducting. Your teacher may make some judgments based on watching at your work in the laboratory. More significant are the outcomes of your work such as the yield and purity of products, your measurements of melting or boiling points, and detail and relevance of your observation and the accuracy of masses, volumes, temperatures and times.

Measurement, observation and recording of data

If your report you must record measurements with precision that matches the quality of the equipment that you have used. Masses should be quoted to the number of decimal places that much the accuracy of the balances you have used. Similarly, with grade B 50 cm burettes, you should always note reading to the nearest 0.05 cm^3.

Note: Never write observation and measurement on scraps of paper that are easy to lose. Include a record of all measurements in your account of the experiment as well as values calculated from the measurement.

(2)ANALYSING EVIDENCE AND DRAWING CONCLUSION.

This is the stage at which you work out the meaning of your observation and measurements. Here you take the raw data and present it in ways that shows you has found out as a result of your practical work.

FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

You should choose ways of analyzing and communicating your findings which are appropriate to you experiment. Consider including labeled diagrams, tables, charts and graphs as well as continuous prose.

You will gain credit for using the language of chemistry correctly. Compare what you write with what you find in textbook or on websites to check that you are working at the right level for an advanced course.

PROCESSING THE DATA

 You should process the data in quantitative investigations to answer the chemical questions: 'how fast?' 'How much?' and 'how far?' your analysis may involve calculations. If so you must show that you understand each step of calculation. Always check that the number of significant figures in your final answer is consistent with the precision of your measurements.

ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY

In any quantitative investigation you will need to assess the measurement uncertainty correctly.

Note: Always show the units of physical quantities. Label the axes of graphs and give a scale with units. Set out all calculations in full, step by step giving all the detail of your working.

DRAWING CONCLUSIONS.

Here you have to relate your findings to your knowledge and understanding of chemical theory. You need to convince your teacher, or an examiner, that you understand the chemical nature of the observation or measurements you are analyzing.

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TECHNICAL SKILLS FOR CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

We know that chemistry is an experiment subject. Theory does not make sense in the abstract but it does when it is seen as an attempt to explain observation in the laboratory and in the natural world. The skills of laboratory chemistry are great practical importance too. Chemistry is about making useful new chemicals (synthesis) and finding out what materials are made of (analysis).

Chemistry practical is all about the planning work. At first planning may seems very difficult it can be heard to know what is possible when you have limited experience of chemistry. You need to bear in mind that your teachers and the examiners know from the course specification what you have done at each stage of your work and what it is reasonable for you to suggest in plans. The crucial point is that when planning any practical activity you should expect to use techniques, chemicals, and equipment that you have used before.

When asked to make plan you will often given some information about the experiment situation to give you a start.you will be expected to apply what you have learned in the theory part of the course. You may also be expected to draw  on other sources of information including textbooks, references and websites. The emphasis is on making use of the knowledge and experience gained during your course so far.

WORKING ON YOUR OWN.

 You will practise planning with the help of your teacher but when it comes to assessment you must work independently to get top marks. Working independently does not mean working isolation so you should expect to consult sources of reference.

Remember that it can be your interest to ask for help from your teacher you are really stuck. If the help gets you started in the right direction, then you can gain credit for all the others aspects of planning.Overall, this may allow you to gain more marks. Getting the marks for independent working will often fail to compensate for coming up with a bad plan.

SHOWING THAT YOU HAVE RESEARCHED AND UNDERSTOOD THE SITUATION

you must make sure that you understand the chemical theory related to the experiment you are going to carry out. 

DESCRIBING THE PROCEDURE IN DETAIL

Aim to write plan for an experiment in a way that could be followed by someone else with similar to yourself. Model your written plan on the style of instruction and guidance in practical books or on worksheets from your teacher.

ATTENDING TO HEALTH AND SAFETY

You must carry out a risk assessment and show that you have consulted the relevant guidance on health and safety.Never make a plan based on apparatus of a kind that have never used before.

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IMPORTANCE OF COMMERECE

We know the fact that, our world is totally depends upon a commerce. Now commerce is one of the important parts of our livelihood. To establish a simple business also a person should possess the good knowledge about commerce.In a short period of time commerce gains its popularity in the society. Many commercials banks are established in a country for the welfare of society. These banks are originated from the commerce. If we once imagine our life without a commerce then,it is too difficult for us to survive as commerce is a part of our life.
At first the barter system was popular among human civilization. It was so difficult that people were unsatisfied with exchange.  So slowly humans got the idea and create the money. The term money is based on the commerce. Money is something that has the power to exchange something. Commerce and money are interrelated with each other. Both should be presented for the completion of  commercial tasks. These days commercial activities have serve many people to uplift the living standard.The commerce helped the people to establish many business house in the society. Commerce has many contribution in the developmental process. The world is now the part of commerce. People are so busy in their business that they forget their responsibilities. This is one of the demerits of commerce .But we do have many benefits from commerce. Because of commerce we can increase economic rate. Our economic condition can reach in high place because of commerce. Commercialization is necessary in every society, every country and everywhere for the sustainable development.
The world is now depends on commerce .We should possess the knowledge of commerce and use in right place. Using the knowledge of commerce in right field can helps to get many things in life. According to changing environment we should change the process and idea about commerce.

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SELF-STUDY VS GROUP STUDY

 If you are reading this, you probably know the term self-study and the group study. Whatever, the term is, don't matters. But the term is not a new for u all. Isn't it? Those activities done during the school life, may it be a group study for examination or be it a competitive method of self study to be success. It was familiar to us during the school life and till yet. Isn't it? You probably have followed it, don't you? I am also a student from those familiar activities during the schools life and till yet. So, I want to compare those activities, whether self study is better or group study.

Firstly, I want you to answer my question. Have you ever known how effective group study or self study is? If you wish which you would you choose. If answer is group study, then you are average student. Am I right? Let's have a glance at once; if the lesson is taught and you don't understand then, you with your friends will be sitting for the discussion. It makes easy to understand the lesson, as everyone has different opinion and the answer, so it helps to cope with the real problem into the easier task. As even our own hand doesn't have same finger then how could all have the same thinking. So, different students have different opinion and help to fraction the problem into smaller portion. It is the obvious advantages of the group study.

However, it does have the disadvantages too, there may be different type of student in the group, some may catch the things faster, some may be average and some may be slower. So, Every time asking about the same things will be obvious makes the slower student to fell guilty to ask time and again even h/she does not understand. So, and even when friends are called for group study, some may come late and some may come faster. There, if someone is missing then, the extra discussion will take the place. Let it be the discussion of the games or let it be of yesterday TV shows. Therefore, group study has infinity's advantages and disadvantages.

Self-study is mostly practice by the intellectual student. Am I right?  If the student is self studying then h/she have the sufficient peace environment to memories the things. H/she does not have the fellows to disturb him/her nor have to wait for the fellows nor will be the discussions of anything.  The student will be more concentrate about his/her work. So, it is the advantages of self study. However it does has the disadvantages, if h/she doesn't know the simple things also h/she does not have anyone to ask for. Due to small information h/she will be disabling to do their work.

Therefore, while studying you may choose any of the choices. But, whatever the best is, you should compare yourself. No one can judge you better than yourself.

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A Level colleges in nepal

With a view to render  quality education, A level was established in nepal. A level is Advanced level GCE (general certificate of qualification) . It  is equivalent to  two years intermediate course of nepal(+2).Nepal's intermediate level (+2) is affiliated to Tribhuvan University(TU) and examination is  controlled by higher secondary  education board(HSEB) but the A level examination is held under cambridge international examination board(CIE). It is much expensive than the nepalese course. But then also,today thousands of young student are enrolling for the A level admission in nepal. Dreaming about the bright future,hoping to get the technical education and the varieties of coursed offered has made them enroll. And the numbers of student enrolling in these colleges has been  increasing.
The examination is held in the 2 season may/june and sept/oct and the students are free to chose their examination date. Here, the General paper (GP) is compulsory and other course offers can be choose by yourself.It carries the 0.5 credit and other all subjects carries full credit(1) .The subjects marking are graded in 6 categories,They are A,B,C,D,E and U. Here, A is the best and the U is undergraduate, means u are not qualify for that subjects. There are may colleges offering A level education in nepal ,they are listed below;

1. Orient college of science and management
2. Malpi International college
3. little Angel's college,Hattiban
4. xavier International college
5. Gandaki Boarding Higher secondary school
6. Saipal Academy
7. Themes International College
8. Kathmandu Academy
9. Kathmandu valley Higher Secondary school
10. Lumbini International College
11. Malpi institute
12. A.J wild institute of advanced studies
13. Kings college
14. Novel academy
15. cosmos international college
16. Brihaspati Vidyasadan Higher secondary school
17. Ace institute of management(AIM)
18. Chelsea International Academy
19. Grade english medium school
20. Trinity International College
21. Global college international
22. Rupy's International school,tahachal
23. Modern Indian School
24. Kathmandu International study centre
25. Budhanilkantha higher secondary school
26. The british school
27. Campion Academy
28. St.Xavier's college
29. Rato bangla school
30. The British college
31. Little step International Academy,simalchaur
32. Kfa business school
33. Kritika Education Health foundation

These, were the colleges ruining smoothly in nepal and has earn the good reputation in the worldwide. The teaching method and the well furnished  equipment with good management system has made the colleges running successful.Available of trained professional teachers, and the teaching method is completely based on the practical based knowledge. Which makes the A level education system  more effective and has the good impact on the people.

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Fundamental insurance concept

The word peril, loss and hazard terms sound synonymously but the words used in the insurance are quite different and those words should be distinguished carefully. As the insurance is the unseen and unintended loss to the owner and for the organization. For instance, if the price of the gadgets decreases by the value of market or be by its ages. Although the decreases surely lost made the loss, but the loss in the term of insurance is not called as loss. Additionally for instance, if destruction of the same gadgets is done through the fire then it is unintended and unseen and so we can consider it as loss.

Insurance fundamental

Common loss exposure is listed below;

·         Personal

·          Liability and

·         Property

·         Personal Losses

The injury, illness, and premature death are the example of it.

·         liability losses

 The property which we cannot become legally responsible to pay back for injuries or other damages property. For instance, you have a pet and that pet harm others. For eg if you have a dog at home and that bites children, then probably you should be liable for the child heath. Additionally if you have a bike and you accidently have a accident and held you as a fault, then probably you may have to liable to pay for the damages you have caused. 

·         property losses

 The property loss by the unintended accidents like, fire, vehicle accident, storm damages that brought to the business are mentioned as property loss. It involves the destruction of commercial or let it be personal.

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Cost and benefits of insurance in society

 Insurance is as ancient as history. Insurance is important in the today's society and not a new idea too. It protects us from the unforeseen events that could happen in the near future and cause the financial hardship. The insurance protect us from the heavy losses and secure our uncertain property from loss. It helps us to protect and purchase the cars, home, and business and safeguard our families' finical future.

Insurance is always helpful and always protecting us from uncertain loss. Many benefits are offer by the insurance to our society. It has been providing the protection by reimbursing people when their property is damaged by the human or natural causes. The natural disaster like landslide, flood, earthquake and so many others are there. In case of inhuman acts like theft is also deal by the insurance. So, it helps individual and business owner resume their normal standard of living and operation, which directly or indirectly benefits for the society.

There are much benefits of insurance. The primary benefits of it include

  credit support

     payment of losses

§                economic growth

§               peace of mind and

§               Loss prevention.

 When the business gone through the losses or faces the disaster in financial hardship banks and credits institution rely on insurance to make sure that they can recover. Insurance allows borrower to guarantee creditors that their investment is protected against disaster and can fell the secure of their property.

Additionally, when the business got down or burns and there are no conditions of resuming the operation then not only the business owner but also the impact will be on the third parties like employer, the goods from whom the owner is buying and to who now must find another business to fill their needs.

Insurance benefits society by encouraging activities and devices that reduce the amount of losses and their economic impact.

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